Last week’s installment on columnar transposition ciphers described a formula for the underlying permutation for a CTC. If we assume that the number of columns being used divides the length of the ...

The speed at which deadwood decomposes in forests depends on the climate as well as on fungi and insects. An international research team has now determined the annual contribution made by deadwood to ...

Through a combination of lab and field experiments, researchers have developed a better understanding of the factors accounting for different wood decomposition rates among fungi. The new findings ...

Outstanding lesson on how materials are cycled. Includes: -Fun match the keywords starter. -Plenty of peer and self assessment tasks. -Challenging word equations and symbol equations activity. -Good ...

A new process-based model reveals that termites process roughly 1,569 teragrams of carbon per year, making them a substantial and previously overlooked force in global soil carbon cycling and ...

A comprehensive 134-page Biology glossary and revision guide covering 300 essential terms linked to nutrient cycling, the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, decomposition, mineralisation, soil ...

A temperate forest experiment shows that as trees grow larger, the main driver of leaf litter decomposition shifts from ...

Enzymes digest the organic matter outside their cells. This is known as extracellular digestion as it happens outside the cells. The products of digestion are absorbed by the bacteria and fungi. Place ...