In the first article about measurement systems we looked at sensors as a way to bring data into a measurement system. I explained that a sensor measures physical quantities which are turned into a ...

Differential ports make possible the recovery of signals mixed with common-mode noise, and the use of such ports gives rise to the need for measuring common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Circuit blocks ...

Even during routine operation of an instrumentation amplifier, a fault can develop between the sensor and the amp. This fault could result from misuse, the environment, or low-quality assembly, among ...

Signals are acquired from the subject by electrodes in contact with the skin, or by needles inserted in living tissue. The source impedance (electrodes, needles, etc.) is usually high and variable. It ...