Using heavy water, the researchers could also selectively introduce deuterium atoms along with chlorine. The weightier hydrogen isotope is useful for probing reaction mechanisms, as well as studying ...

The equation shows that ammonium chloride (a white solid) can break down to form ammonia and hydrogen chloride. It also shows that ammonia and hydrogen chloride (colourless gases) can react to ...

making hydrogen chloride. A simple molecule contains only a few atoms, so the sizes of atoms and simple molecules have a similar range of sizes. They are very small, typically around 0.1 nm or 10 ...