Abstract: Cardiotocography (CTG) is a clinical procedure that is used to track and gauge the severity of fetal distress. Although CTG is the most often used equipment to monitor and assess the health ...

Objectives Suboptimal intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring using cardiotocography has remained a persistent problem (EFM-CTG). We aimed to identify the range of influences on the safety ...

Background Problems in intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring with cardiotocography (CTG) remain a major area of preventable harm. Poor understanding of the range of influences on safety may have ...

To investigate whether umbilical cord traction triggers a unique umbilico-neuro-cardio reflex via sympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, potentially explaining fetal heart rate (FHR) ...

abstract. The dominant paradigm of statutory-interpretation scholarship is an “internalist” one. It treats statutory interpretation as a self-contained set of tools primarily deployed by lawyers and ...

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a non-invasive method used to monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during pregnancy. This data can help identify potential complications early on, such as fetal ...

Problems with intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) during labour have repeatedly been identified as a major area of preventable harm. 1–3 However, it has been remarkably difficult to secure ...